Ethnobotanical Documentation and Antimicrobial Potential of Indigenous Flora

Abstract The widespread emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogens has intensified the search for novel antimicrobial agents, particularly from natural sources. This study presents a comprehensive ethnobotanical investigation of indigenous medicinal plants traditionally used across various communities, focusing on their antimicrobial potential. A total of 85 plant species from 46 families were documented through field surveys, interviews, and literature analysis. Plant parts such as roots, leaves, and fruits were evaluated for traditional usage, phytochemical content, and antimicrobial properties. Extracts prepared using various solvents revealed significant activity against pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. The study underscores the therapeutic relevance of indigenous flora and validates traditional medicinal knowledge through scientific analysis, emphasizing the importance of conservation, sustainable use, and integration into modern healthcare systems.