A Study on the Role of Panchayats in Addressing and Mitigating Gender-Based Issues

This research critically examines the role of Panchayati Raj Institutions (PRIs) in addressing and mitigating gender-based issues in rural Assam, with a focused case study on selected Gram Panchayats under Balipara Community Development Block in the Sonitpur district. In India’s decentralized governance system, Panchayats have emerged as key actors in rural development and social justice, including gender equity. However, the extent of their responsiveness and effectiveness in handling issues such as domestic violence, child marriage, public harassment, and discrimination remains under-explored. The study adopts a mixed-method approach involving structured surveys and semi-structured interviews with 120 respondents, including community members and elected Panchayat representatives. Data analysis reveals that gender-based issues are prevalent across the selected Panchayats, with domestic violence and discrimination reported most frequently. Panchayat interventions typically include community mediation, awareness campaigns, and informal dispute resolution, though the perceived effectiveness of these actions varies among stakeholders. The study also reveals gaps in legal awareness, lack of structured protocols, and the need for stronger female participation in Panchayat leadership. This paper highlights both the potential and limitations of local governance bodies in ensuring gender justice. It advocates for capacity-building initiatives, legal sensitization, stronger institutional linkages with law enforcement and welfare agencies, and greater representation of women in Panchayati decision-making roles. These measures are critical to transforming Panchayats into more inclusive and responsive institutions that effectively combat gender-based violence and promote social equity at the grassroots.