Impact of Premature Rupture of Membranes on Perinatal Outcome

Abstract Background: Fetal membranes are essential during pregnancy, offering both mechanical and immunological protection to the developing fetus. PROM holds significant implications for the outcome of pregnancy. Hence; the present study was conducted for assessing the impact of premature rupture of membranes on perinatal outcome. Materials & methods: Fifty patients were admitted to the Obstetrics and Gynaecology department via the outpatient and casualty departments, all diagnosed with term premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) confirmed through ultrasound and clinical examination, irrespective of their age. A data collection proforma was completed for each case. Following admission, a comprehensive workup was conducted, which included taking a detailed history, performing a general physical examination, conducting abdominal and pelvic examinations, and noting relevant specific investigations. The perinatal outcomes were assessed, and the data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: A total of 50 subjects with PROM were assessed. Mean age of the patients was 31.5 years. 66 percent of the patients were of primigravida while the remaining 34 percent of the patients were of multigravida status. Mean gestational age was 37.9 weeks. Mode of delivery was C-section in 88 percent of the patients while in the remaining 12 percent of the patients, mode of delivery was vaginal. Indications of C-section included Fetal distress, Oligohydramnios and Failure of induction found to be present in 34.09 percent, 38.64 percent and 27.27 percent of the patients respectively. PPH and puerperal pyrexia was seen in 10 percent and 8 percent of the patients respectively. NICU admission and RDS were seen in 24 percent and 12 percent of the patients respectively. Neonatal sepsis and perinatal mortality was seen in 8 percent and 2 percent of the patients respectively. Discussion: The prevalence of premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is notably significant worldwide. To reduce the incidence of PROM and its negative perinatal consequences, it is essential to identify prenatal risks and detect complications early, particularly in mothers with a history of abortion and antepartum hemorrhage during the current pregnancy. Additionally, screening for and treating urinary tract infections (UTIs) is necessary.