QUANTUM COMPUTATION UNDER THERMODYNAMIC CONSTRAINTS

As quantum computing advances toward practical realization, the physical cost of computation—particularly energy consumption and entropy production—remains insufficiently understood. Inthis work, we introduce a framework for analyzing quantum algorithms under explicit thermodynamicconstraints, grounded in principles such as Landauer’s limit and quantum entropy dynamics. Wemodel computation as a thermodynamically open process and investigate how quantum informationprocessing inherently interacts with energy, entropy, and irreversibility. By characterizing the energycost of unitary operations, measurements, and state erasure, we derive fundamental lower bounds onthe thermodynamic efficiency of quantum algorithms. Our analysis reveals trade-offs between computational depth, error correction overhead, and entropy flow, shedding light on the limits of scalablequantum computation in physically realistic regimes. This work bridges the gap between abstractquantum models and the energetic realities of implementation, offering new tools for assessing andoptimizing quantum systems under thermodynamic constraints.