Changing Space Organization and Urban Health: Problems and Prospects (2001–2021) a Geographical Study of Jammu City

Abstract An The urban environment is a system that links human intervention to with natural processes. The term urban environment refers to the space created in urban areas and their surroundings. In geography, the urban environment is the physical, social, and economic space formed by an urban center. An urban center is a place where people engage in non-agricultural activities. Therefore, under these circumstances, the urban social environment in which trade and commercial activities occur is a space created by non-agricultural activities. The urban environment in contemporary India is constantly under threat because of the concentrated production and population in urban regions, which also results in improved job and livelihood prospects and much lower unit costs for managing and delivering basic infrastructural services. However, this same concentration also transforms turns metropolitan areas into resource consumers and pollution producers, leading to a host of environmental issues in cities. Urbanization in India has led to unprecedented spatial and environmental changes, especially in medium-sized cities, such as like Jammu. This study investigates the transformation of land use patterns, the degradation of open and green spaces, and the impact of population growth on urban health in Jammu City from 2001 to 2021. Using GIS tools, satellite data, and field surveys, this studyresearch highlights the rapid reduction in per capita open space, growing environmental stress, and the urgent need for sustainable planning. These findings suggest that unplanned expansion has severely strained infrastructure, increased pollution, and led to encroachment of vital open spaces. This study underscores the necessity for green space preservation, balanced land use, and integrated urban health strategies to make Jammu a more livable city.