Green Chemistry-Based Development and Validation of a UV-Spectrophotometric Method for the Estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride in Bulk and Tablet Dosage Form

The present study focuses on the development and validation of a simple, accurate, and eco-friendly UV-spectrophotometric method for the quantitative estimation of Metformin Hydrochloride in bulk and tablet dosage forms. The method was designed in accordance with the principles of green chemistry, utilizing water as a solvent to minimize the use of hazardous organic reagents. Metformin Hydrochloride showed maximum absorbance at 234 nm in aqueous medium. The method was validated as per ICH Q2(R1) guidelines for parameters including linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, limit of detection (LOD), and limit of quantitation (LOQ). The linearity range was observed between 2–10 µg/mL with a correlation coefficient (R²) greater than 0.999. The results demonstrated high accuracy (98–102%) and precision with low relative standard deviation (RSD < 2%). The method is rapid, reliable, and suitable for routine quality control analysis, offering an environmentally benign alternative to conventional methods.