Hubble Expansion Model

The Hubble Expansion Model (H-model), a core component of the Vacuum Energy Quanta Field (VEQF) Theory, redefines cosmic expansion as a thermodynamic drift process within a structured energy lattice. By integrating vacuum energy fluctuations, entropy, and a base drift rate, the model predicts the Hubble parameter Hveqf without reliance on a time-based framework. Validated against 500 quasars from the SDSS DR16 catalog z = (0.241–2.299 ), the model achieves a drift rate range of 2.18 *10^-18 to 2.36 *10^-18 1/s, with zero outliers above 2.5 *10^-18 1/s. The H-model aligns closely with observed H_0 = 2.27*10^-18 1/s (70 km/s/Mpc) and Planck 2.18*10^-18 1/s, offering insights into the Hubble Tension through low-redshift systematic errors. This paper presents the thermodynamic derivation of the H-model, its cosmological validation, and its implications for a lattice-based understanding of the universe’s expansion.