Effect of Work Environment on Employee Job Commitment in Federal Ministries of Health & Education, Abuja, Nigeria

Employee job commitment remains a critical concern within Nigeria’s public service, where inefficiencies and declining morale often hinder optimal performance. The work environment, encompassing management support, availability of resources, and workplace relationships, plays a central role in shaping employee behaviour and commitment. This study examined the effect of the work environment on employee job commitment in the Federal Ministries of Health and Education, Abuja. The specific objectives were to determine the extent to which the provision of adequate resources influences job commitment and to assess the impact of supportive management and positive workplace relationships on employee commitment. A mixed-methods research design was employed, combining descriptive survey and documentary approaches. Data were collected from 297 staff across both ministries using structured questionnaires and interviews. The Social Exchange Theory served as the theoretical framework, emphasising the reciprocal nature of employee - employer relationships, where favourable work conditions foster loyalty and commitment. Findings from the multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS version 25 showed that both the provision of adequate resources and supportive management with positive relationships had statistically significant effects on employee job commitment. The model revealed an R Square value of 0.243, indicating that 24.3% of the variance in employee commitment was explained by the independent variables. Adequate resources were the strongest predictor, followed by supportive management and positive relationships. Based on the findings, the study recommends that federal ministries improve workplace infrastructure, ensure regular provision of necessary tools, and invest in leadership development to foster supportive and collaborative environments. These actions are expected to improve morale, reduce turnover intentions, and enhance institutional effectiveness. The study contributes to public administration discourse by highlighting the centrality of the work environment in shaping commitment in Nigeria’s federal workforce. Future studies may further explore these relationships in other ministries or states to broaden generalisability.