IoT-Enabled Smart Water Distribution System for Urban Areas: Design, Implementation, and Sustainability Analysis

Urban water distribution faces challenges such as leakage, wastage, uneven supply, and high operational costs.This research presents an IoT-enabled smart water distribution system for urban areas, integrating real-timemonitoring, automated control, and data analytics to optimize water distribution. Using a network of flowsensors, pressure sensors, and IoT gateways connected to a cloud platform, the system enables predictivemaintenance, leak detection, and equitable water distribution. The proposed system is evaluated for energyefficiency, water conservation, and sustainability impact. Results show a 25–35% reduction in water loss,improved supply reliability, and enhanced sustainability.