A Review on Pharmacological Activity and Phytochemical Analysis of Ceiba Speciosa (A. St-Hil.) Ravenna

Ceiba speciosa (formerly Chorisia speciosa), commonly known as the silk floss tree, is a species native to South America, widely recognized for its ornamental value and ecological significance. However, beyond its aesthetic appeal, C. speciosa has a rich history of traditional medicinal use and contains a diverse array of bioactive compounds. These plants are traditionally used for many health disorders, e.g., headache, fever, diabetes, diarrhea, parasitic infections, peptic ulcer and rheumatism. This review synthesizes current knowledge on the phytochemical composition and ethnopharmacological applications of Ceiba speciosa, highlighting its potential as a source of novel therapeutic agents. Phytochemical investigations reveal the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds, which contribute to its reported antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic activities. Ethnopharmacological data indicate that various parts of the plant, including the bark, leaves, and flowers, have been traditionally used in the treatment of wounds, respiratory conditions, digestive disorders, and skin ailments in indigenous medicine. Despite its promising pharmacological potential, research on C. speciosa remains limited, particularly regarding the isolation of bioactive constituents, mechanism of action, and clinical validation. This review aims to bridge the knowledge gap, providing a foundation for future phytochemical and pharmacological research to explore its therapeutic potential more systematically. Expanding scientific understanding of Ceiba speciosa could contribute to the development of novel plant-based drugs and sustainable medicinal resources.