Character Development of University Students through the P2KK Program: A Phenomenological Study at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang

Abstract : This study aims to describe the experiences and perceived meanings of character development among students through the Personality and Leadership Development Program (P2KK) at the University of Muhammadiyah Malang. The research adopts a qualitative approach with Moustakas’ phenomenological method. Data were collected through participatory observation, in-depth interviews with student alumni who had participated in the P2KK program, as well as documentation of program activities and the official training modules. The findings indicate that students experienced significant personal transformation throughout the program. They perceived P2KK not as a mere ceremonial activity, but as a space for self-actualization, religious value formation, discipline, social empathy, and leadership development. The meanings derived from these experiences include enhanced spiritual awareness, improved interpersonal skills, and strengthened motivation to achieve as individuals with Islamic character. P2KK is thus experienced as the initial phase of identity formation; preparing students to become not only intellectually capable, but also emotionally and spiritually mature. This study is grounded in Al-Ghazali’s theory of moral development, Lickona’s character education framework, and Kolb’s experiential learning theory. Together, these three theories form a comprehensive and sustainable character education system. The practical implication is that programs like P2KK should continue to be developed and maintained to ensure that graduates are not only intellectually competent, but also ethically and spiritually mature.