From ROOTS to ROUTE: Unpacking the Drivers and Consequences of RURAL-URBAN SHIFT in a Transition Country!!

This study examines the key factors influencing rural-urban migration in Hawassa, Ethiopia, and its socioeconomic consequences. Based on theoretical frameworks including Push-Pull Theory, Neoclassical Economic Theory of Migration, New Economics of Labor, Cumulative Causation Theory, Migration Transition Theory, Human Capital Theory the study conceptualizes the drivers and consequences of migration. A cross-sectional research design incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods was employed, using a snowball sampling technique to survey 196 migrants. Statistical tools, including frequency, percentages, mean, standard deviation, and binary logistic regression, were applied to analyse the data. The study identified age, education level, family size, distance from the place of origin, conflict, loss of family members, and previous employment as the primary push factors. Adverse effects of migration included increased living costs, unemployment, and involvement in illicit activities such as theft and substance abuse. However, migration also led to positive outcomes, such as improved access to healthcare and social services. The study suggests that policies fostering rural employment opportunities and addressing socio-economic inequalities, giving attention to the landless and disadvantaged groups is essential which could mitigate the high migration rates and retain the people in the rural area.