THE POSITION AND ROLE OF WOMEN AND CHILDREN IN CONFLICT HOTSPOTS WITH REFERENCES TO WOMEN'S ACTIVITIES, POLITICIANS AND OTHER PROFESSIONALS IN THE MANAGEMENT AND RESOLUTION OF CONFLICT

Conflicts have devastating consequences on women and children, exposing them to gender-based violence, forced displacement, economic deprivation, and loss of access to essential services. This paper examines the position and role of women and children in conflict hotspots, focusing on Nigeria, where insurgency, communal violence, and terrorism have led to widespread instability. Using Feminist Theory and Human Security Theory, the paper explores how systemic inequalities and security threats intensify the vulnerabilities of women and children during conflicts while also highlighting their active participation in peacebuilding and conflict resolution. Key findings reveal that women and children suffer disproportionately from sexual violence, forced labour, human trafficking, and disruptions in education and healthcare, particularly in conflict zones such as the North-East (Boko Haram insurgency), the Middle Belt (herder-farmer clashes), and the Niger Delta (militancy and resource conflicts). However, despite these adversities, women play significant roles in mediation, advocacy, community rehabilitation, and post-conflict economic recovery. The paper underscores the need for stronger legal frameworks, increased female representation in peace negotiations, economic empowerment initiatives, and improved access to education and psychosocial support for survivors of conflict-related trauma. By addressing these issues through gender-sensitive policies and community-driven peace efforts, Nigeria can achieve more sustainable post-conflict reconstruction and long-term stability.