Consumer Behaviour towards Electric Two-Wheelers in India: A Review of Trends, Preferences, and Influencing Factors

Despite a sharp rise in demand in recent years, electric vehicles (EVs) still only make up a small portion of all new cars sold worldwide. Less than 1% of all two-wheelers sold in 2021 were electric. Thus, it is necessary to research the adoption of electric two-wheelers (E2W). This article provides a comprehensive review of the various perspectives on consumer behaviour in India with respect to electric two-wheelers from the literature. The review reveals that factors such as environmental friendliness, cost efficiency, low maintenance, and willingness to pay a premium positively influence consumer purchase intentions toward electric two-wheelers (E2Ws) in India. Family influence, model preference, and availability also play key roles. High awareness levels, satisfaction with battery efficiency, and preference for reduced pollution indicate a shift from conventional to electric vehicles. However, challenges like high upfront cost, maintenance concerns, and limited infrastructure hinder widespread adoption. Swappable batteries, government subsidies, and policy support are accelerating acceptance. Overall, consumer attitudes are evolving, driven by environmental concern and perceived economic benefits of E2Ws.