ASSESSMENT OF THE ECOLOGICAL FUNCTIONS OF FUNGAL BIOTA IN URBAN SOIL ECOSYSTEMS

This research systematically analyzes the role of micromycete fungi and their participation level in ecological processes within soil ecosystems altered by urbanization. A study conducted across 12 sites in Baku with varying degrees of urbanization documented 34 species of micromycete fungi. Their distribution dynamics, ecological characteristics, and trophic specialization indicators were examined. Soil analyses and phytotests carried out in experimental plots aimed to assess the state of soil microflora, the rate of organic matter decomposition, and the impact on plant root systems. The observations revealed that micromycete fungi perform crucial ecological functions in soil ecosystems: they play an active role in decomposing organic residues, shaping soil structure and productivity indicators, facilitating the cycling of microelements, and forming symbiotic relationships. The dominance of fungal species tolerant to various ecological stressors, particularly in highly anthropogenically polluted areas, indicates their potential use as bioindicators. Among the identified species, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium commune, Cladosporium cladosporioides, and Fusarium solani demonstrated broader distribution and higher adaptive capacities. Furthermore, the findings indicate that fungal biota are not only indicators of the biological quality of the soil environment but also serve as reliable markers for assessing ecological changes in urban areas. Thus, integrating micromycete fungi into biomonitoring systems provides a significant scientific basis for monitoring ecosystem health and informing soil restoration decisions.