Advancements in remote sensing and GIS for assessing mangrove vulnerability: A comprehensive review

Mangroves are crucial coastal ecosystems that buffer against natural disasters, support biodiversity and provide essential services to human communities. However, they face increasing threat from human activities and natural pressures. This review explores the application of remote sensing and Geographical Information Systems (GIS) in assessing the vulnerability of mangrove ecosystems. Remote sensing offers a large-scale, observational capacity, while GIS facilitates in-depth spatial analysis, together enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of vulnerability assessments. This review paper details the methodologies employed in these assessments, including the Multi-decadal Land Cover Change Analysis, the Mangrove Vulnerability Index Method and Hot Spot Model method. Each method utilizes a combination of satellite imagery, spatial data processing and vulnerability indexing to monitor mangrove health and risks. The integration of these technologies allows for a nuanced understanding of mangrove dynamics and supports effective conservation strategies. The review underscores the advancements in Remote Sensing and GIS technologies that promote community involvement and foster international cooperation to ensure the sustainable management and resilience of mangrove ecosystems worldwide. published by the Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences | JBES