Comparative Evaluation Of Blackberry Kernels, Fenugreek Seeds, And Black Pepper For Natural Diabetes Management

The recent emergence of diabetes mellitus especially type 2 diabetes has reawakened the desire towards plant-mediated treatment modalities. This article discusses the antidiabetic property of three traditionally known botanicals such as blackberry (Rubus fruticosus) kernels, fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds, and black pepper (Piper nigrum) when used alone and in combination with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The experimental design covered standard control, diabetic control, metformin-treated and treatment groups that were administered with aqueous extracts of test plants. Major scores were done on 28 days, such as fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), serum insulin levels, lipid profile, hepatic and renal marker, (ALT, AST, creatinine, urea), and markers of oxidative stress (SOD, CAT, GSH, and MDA). It was proved that phytochemical analysis contained flavonoids, saponins and polyphenols and has antidiabetic and antioxidant properties. A combination group showed the greatest improvement in most of the parameters, which indicated synergistic action. The histopathological investigation revealed recovery of pancreatic islets and prevention of hepatic and renal tissues. The findings indicate that these extracts, especially in mixture are effective in glycemic control, lipid metabolism, and oxidative equilibrium proficiently and safe and promising method of natural remedy to controlling diabetes. The present study provides good preclinical basis of development of polyherbal formulation with more than one pathophysiology of diabetes.