COLLATERAL DAMAGE: THE SOCIOECONOMIC AND PSYCHOLOGICAL IMPACT OF POLITICALLY MOTIVATED USE OF SPECIAL LAWS IN INDIA

The main objective of enforcing strict special laws like the Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA), the Prevention of Money Laundering Act (PMLA), and the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) laws was to reduce major financial and security risks. The accused, their families, businesses, and social circles endured severely because of the escalating misuse of these laws for political purposes. This paper analyzes the psychological and socioeconomic effects of false accusations made under these laws, highlighting instances where the government used them to silence opposing views. The research paper explores the psychological effects on accused people and their families, such as anxiety, depression, and societal stigma. Notable instances, such as Arvind Kejriwal's imprisonment before the 2024 Indian general elections, demonstrate how these laws are used for political misuse and how they influence political narratives. Concern over the unjust use of these laws has grown as the PMLA has produced only 23 convictions in 17 years, and the UAPA has a conviction rate of roughly 2%. The study also examines how judicial delays and media portrayals worsen confidence in the judicial system. The paper argues that judicial protections are necessary to prevent misuse of such laws, relying on expert studies and legal critiques. According to the findings, changes are required to ensure that these laws perform their intended purpose without impeding citizens’ rights.