THE HISTORICAL-TECHNOLOGICAL EVOLUTION AND LEGAL REGULATION OF PYROTECHNIC DEVICES

This article explores the emergence, development, and modern approaches to pyrotechnic devices from a historical, scientific, and technological perspective. Pyrotechnics first appeared in the 9th–12th centuries in China with the accidental discovery of gunpowder, initially used for religious and ceremonial purposes. The technology later spread across Eurasia through trade, military campaigns, and scientific exchanges, with significant contributions from Arab-Islamic scholars. From the 14th to 18th centuries, pyrotechnics evolved into an art form in European countries such as Italy, Germany, and France. The industrial era brought about mass production and militarization, especially during the 19th and 20th centuries. In the 21st century, the field has seen further development through automation, environmental safety, and artificial intelligence. Given their inherent risks, pyrotechnic products require strict legal regulation, including certification, licensing, and international standards. The article argues for the integration of historical experience, scientific innovation, and legal mechanisms to ensure the safe and lawful use of pyrotechnics.