Current Trends In Spatial Analysis of Zoonotic Diseases in India

In India, the zoonotic diseases surge has become a great concern to the Human and animal health. Thezoonotic diseases like are rabies, brucellosis, toxoplasmosis, cysticercosis, echinococcosis, Japanese encephalitis (JE), leptospirosis, scrub typhus, nipah, trypanosomiasis, Kyasanur forest disease (KFD), and Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever mainly affects public health in India. These diseases showing greater economic impact and leads to economic losses for farmers. Hence, epidemiological measures like spatial analysis is essential for prior identification of these outbreaks.The spatial analysis of zoonotic diseases has gained significant momentum in India, driven by the increased frequency of zoonotic outbreaks and advancements in geospatial technologies, which takes into account the location and timing of events in order to find patterns, trends, and linkages within data.Recent trends emphasise the inclusion of spatial modelling and spatiotemporal analysis, geospatial clustering analysis, temporal analysis, spatial autocorrelation and spectral analysis to map disease distribution, identify hotspots and predict future outbreaks. Spatial statistics is used to analyse complex interactions between environment, animals, and humans. The One Health approach serves as a suitable framework for conducting spatial analysis. Analysing and understanding the latest trends in spatial analysis play an important role in predicting outbreaks and protecting public health in the future.