Project BEACON: A Decentralized, Multi-Layered Approach for the Convergence and Optimization of Hybrid LoRa–Web Communication Networks

As the Internet of Things (IoT) continues to scale, the demand for robust, energy-efficient, and scalable communication infrastructures becomes increasingly critical. This paper presents a novel architecture that integrates long-range LoRa communication with IP-based web technologies through a decentralized, multi-layered framework. Unlike traditional centralized systems, the proposed method employs a fully decentralized topology that enhances system resilience, reduces latency, and supports scalability across diverse IoT applications. A uniform packet structure and a rigorous parsing mechanism ensure protocol-agnostic data handling, while a semi-structured routing logic supports efficient message propagation via LoRa and WiFi-based HTTP servers. Furthermore, the architecture incorporates cross-layer optimization strategies to holistically enhance performance across the physical, network, and application layers. Experimental validation demonstrates the system’s ability to maintain reliable communication, handle real-time data exchange, and operate effectively under dynamic network conditions. This work contributes a unified and extensible communication framework for next-generation IoT systems, addressing the long-standing challenges of interoperability, energy efficiency, and fault tolerance in hybrid networks.