ستة عقود من الشراكة: مسار العلاقات المغربية الصينية وأفاق التعاون المستقبلي (2023-1958)

This study explores the evolution of Moroccan-Chinese relations, tracing their centuries-old roots and focusing on their development in the modern era. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in November 1958, China has consistently supported Morocco's sovereignty and contributed to its development. The two countries have exchanged support in international organizations, with Morocco playing a prominent role in helping China regain its seat at the United Nations and join the World Trade Organization. China's position on the Western Sahara issue is generally positive, given its standing within the Security Council and its veto power, and its positive view of Moroccan efforts to end the artificial conflict. China also clearly supports the United Nations' efforts to reach a political solution acceptable to all parties. During the first decades, bilateral relations focused on cultural, medical, sports, and fisheries cooperation, while economic investment remained limited. However, after 2000, relations underwent a remarkable transformation, marked by major economic partnerships, increased trade volume, and Morocco's accession to China's Belt and Road Initiative. This transformation culminated in the signing of a strategic partnership in May 2016, which strengthened cooperation in the fields of energy, the automotive industry, and infrastructure. Since 2002, Moroccan-Chinese relations have witnessed strategic development, particularly following King Mohammed VI's visits to China, where the two countries agreed to enhance joint investments. Morocco has become a strategic hub for the Chinese automobile industry in North Africa, benefiting from its geographic location linking Africa and Europe to the Middle East, its stable relations with Europe and Africa, and its resources necessary for the manufacture of electric car batteries, its banking infrastructure, and its trained workforce. This cooperation has represented an important model for South-South cooperation, and free industrial zones, such as Tangier, are expected to enhance future cooperation between the two countries. Despite these developments, challenges remain, such as a trade deficit favoring China. The study identified opportunities for deepening cooperation, including expanding investments in agriculture, industry, and technology, leveraging Morocco's strategic location to export products to Europe and Africa, and developing renewable energy projects. Recommendations included enhancing cultural exchanges, signing free trade agreements, and supporting joint initiatives in defense, health, and tourism. The study concludes that the strategic partnership between Morocco and China demonstrates the potential of South-South cooperation and serves as a model for emerging partnerships globally. The future of bilateral relations depends on the two countries' ability to maintain and build on the momentum achieved to achieve further fruitful cooperation.