Technological Transformation in Green Logistics: From Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0

Abstract: This paper examines the evolution of green logistics from Industry 4.0 (I4.0) to Industry 5.0 (I5.0). Green logistics reduces environmental impact, optimises resource use, and integrates advanced technologies. I4.0 technologies like IoT, AI, and blockchain have improved logistics efficiency and sustainability by cutting carbon emissions and enhancing decision-making. I5.0 builds on these advancements, emphasising human-centricity, resilience, and circular economy practices. Technologies such as edge computing and digital twins in I5.0 further promote real-time decision-making, energy efficiency, and sustainable resource management. The paper discusses the impact of these shifts and highlights the need to balance environmental, economic, and social goals in future logistics practices. Keywords: Industry 4.0, Industry 5.0, Green Logistics, Circular Economy