OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY IN DIAGNOSTICS OF OPTIC NERVE PATHOLOGY

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) has revolutionized the diagnostic capabilities of modern ophthalmology, especially in assessing optic nerve pathologies. Its non-invasive, high-resolution imaging allows detailed visualization of the retinal nerve fiber layer, optic nerve head, and ganglion cell complex. This article explores the comprehensive role of OCT in the diagnosis, follow-up, and evaluation of diseases affecting the optic nerve. OCT has proven valuable in identifying early signs of optic nerve damage in glaucoma, optic neuritis, and other neuro-ophthalmic disorders. The review presents clinical implications of OCT findings, discusses its advantages and limitations, and underscores the importance of its integration into routine clinical practice. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an innovative, non-invasive imaging technique that provides high-resolution cross-sectional views of the retina and optic nerve. Its application in the diagnosis of optic nerve pathologies has significantly improved early detection, monitoring, and management of various neuro-ophthalmic disorders. This article explores the diagnostic value of OCT in diseases such as glaucoma, optic neuritis, ischemic optic neuropathy, and hereditary optic neuropathies. The precision of OCT in visualizing retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thinning, optic disc changes, and ganglion cell loss allows clinicians to detect subclinical pathology and monitor progression before irreversible vision loss occurs. By enabling earlier intervention and objective evaluation of therapeutic response, OCT has become indispensable in modern ophthalmologic practice. The article emphasizes the technological advancements, clinical implications, and future potential of OCT as a cornerstone tool in the evaluation of optic nerve disorders.