LISTERIOSIS

Listeriosis is one of the most dangerous infectious diseases that is widespread among animals and humans, currently found in many countries of the world. It is caused by the facultative anaerobic, non-spore-forming, gram-negative bacterium Listeria monocytogenes. The causative agent of listeriosis, having pronounced mobility, is very resistant to the external environment and can not only survive for a long time under certain conditions, but also multiply. Bacteria of the Listeria genus are widely distributed in abiotic and biotic objects of the environment, they are found in more than 100 species of animals, birds and arthropods. The economic importance of listeriosis is associated with its significant damage to agriculture, in particular, with a decrease in livestock and productivity, as well as costs for veterinary and sanitary measures. In addition, the zoonotic nature of this disease also poses a threat to humans, since Listeria monocytogenes infects the human body when eating dairy products, seafood, vegetables, meat of sick animals. In this regard, the study of listeriosis, understanding its etiology and transmission routes, as well as the development of preventive measures are of great relevance in the fields of veterinary medicine, epidemiology and public health. The purpose of this study is to provide effective measures aimed at preventing the spread of the disease through a comprehensive analysis of the etiological factors, pathogenesis and epidemiological features of listeriosis among animals. To solve these problems, it is important to understand the biological characteristics, natural reservoirs and transmission routes of the main causative agent of the disease - the bacterium Listeria monocytogenes.