Technologies and Challenges of IoT in Smart Cities: A Systematic Survey: A Review

The Internet of Things (IoT) in smart cities is a network connecting various devices and technologies, reducing the need for human intervention. This framework is crucial in developing smarter cities worldwide, enhancing sustainable living and urban efficiency. The paper delves into the core elements of IoT in smart cities, including architectural frameworks, networking technologies, and AI algorithms. It also explores practical implementations in different urban sectors and discusses the challenges and solutions in deploying IoT infrastructure in these environments. The Internet of Things (IoT) is a transformative technology that has revolutionized the development and operation of smart cities. This survey provides an overview of the integration of IoT technologies within urban environments, focusing on the core technologies, practices, and challenges involved. The paper discusses the various IoT-based solutions that contribute to efficient city management, including smart traffic systems, energy management, waste management, and healthcare. Additionally, it explores the technological components such as sensors, communication protocols, cloud computing, and data analytics that enable these applications. Despite the promising potential, the adoption of IoT in smart cities faces numerous challenges, including security and privacy concerns, interoperability issues, and scalability limitations. Furthermore, this paper highlights the need for policy frameworks and collaboration between stakeholders to overcome these barriers. Finally, the paper offers insights into future trends and opportunities for the continued evolution of IoT in smart cities.