Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Etiology, Diagnosis, and Evidence‑Based Management

This educational presentation, developed and presented during my clinical rotations, reviews the classification, diagnosis, and management of various gastrointestinal (GI) bleeds. Content includes anatomy and relevant landmarks, causes and classic presentations of upper and lower GI bleeding, and features requiring urgent intervention. Diagnostic approaches such as endoscopy, colonoscopy, and imaging are discussed alongside key laboratory values and clinical findings. Evidence‑based management strategies are reviewed for common etiologies including variceal bleeding, peptic ulcer disease, diverticulosis, hemorrhoids, malignancy, inflammatory bowel disease, and ischemic colitis. This presentation emphasizes timely diagnosis, appropriate stabilization, and targeted interventions to improve patient outcomes in both inpatient and outpatient settings.