INTERNATIONAL ONLINE DISPUTES AND ARBITRATION: INTERNET-BASED LEGAL SYSTEMS

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the modern mechanism for resolving international online disputes — the institution of Online Dispute Resolution (ODR). It explores the formation, development, and legal foundations of ODR, focusing on the distinctive features of Internet-based legal systems and their application in international trade, electronic commerce, and service sectors. The article includes a comparative analysis of the implementation and practices of ODR systems in the United States, Germany, the United Kingdom, and Uzbekistan, supported by statistical data. Alternative dispute resolution (ADR) procedures, including online arbitration processes, digital tools, online platforms, and automated case management systems integrated into judicial software, are thoroughly examined. Based on theoretical research, the article identifies the unique characteristics, legal advantages, and limitations of online arbitration from both scientific and legal perspectives. Furthermore, it presents substantiated organizational and legal solutions necessary for implementing ODR systems in Uzbekistan. The article covers the evolution of Internet-based legal systems, their role within the international arbitration framework, and their respective strengths and weaknesses. Drawing on international experience, it proposes effective solutions to current challenges and offers legal recommendations tailored to the needs of Uzbekistan