INTEGRATING BIOMEDICAL AND SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE PARASITE CONTROL IN LIVESTOCK: A REVIEW

Abstract Effective parasite control is critical for maintaining livestock health, optimizing productivity, and reducing economic losses. Parasitic infections can cause severe biomedical issues and significant financial burdens due to reduced milk production and increased veterinary costs. This study examines biomedical and sustainable strategies for parasite management, focusing on veterinary pharmaceuticals, such as anthelmintics, and the importance of integrating these with preventive practices like pasture rotation, hygiene, and nutrition. The research highlights the role of Integrated Parasite Management (IPM) in reducing resistance development while emphasizing the potential of sustainable practices, including biological control and resistance monitoring. Additionally, the study explores the economic impacts and the role of farmer education in adopting sustainable strategies. The findings suggest that precision livestock farming, biotechnology, and plant-based treatments provide sustainable alternatives to chemical therapies. Integrating biomedical care with preventive strategies like rotational grazing and biological control supports effective parasite management. Farmer education and policy support are vital for the long-term success of IPM and improved livestock productivity.