Role of Microorganisms in Aquaculture

Microorganisms are vital for the health and productivity of aquaculture, playing several important roles from enhancing water quality to supporting animal health. Beneficial microbes such as bacteria, fungi, algae, and zooplankton help sustain ecological balance, decompose waste, and promote the growth of aquatic species. This chapter examines the various types of microorganisms in aquaculture, emphasizing their roles in the ecosystem, nutrient cycling, and potential applications like probiotics and biofloc technology. Examples include bacteria like Lactobacillus and Bacillus, which help prevent disease and promote growth, microalgae that provide essential nutrients, and fungi that assist in digestion and serve as bioremediators. Bacteria also play a critical role in cycling nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, which are crucial for maintaining water quality. Biofloc technology, which depends on microorganisms, enhances nutrient utilization, feed efficiency, and biosecurity. While the future of microorganisms in aquaculture looks promising, more research is needed to fully harness their potential for sustainable, animal-friendly, and environmentally responsible practices.