Comprehensive Review of Medicinally Privileged Chalcone: Advanced Synthetic Methods and Diverse Biological Activity

Numerous pharmacological actions, such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antimalarial, antiviral, and antibacterial qualities, are exhibited by chalcones, which are utilized extensively in traditional medicine and food. Their potential as antidiabetic drugs is highlighted by recent studies, especially in relation to their impact on the GLUT-4 transporter. Additionally, chalcones have shown preventive properties against disorders such as hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and neurodegenerative diseases. The increased interest in chalcones for cardiovascular disease, a serious worldwide health issue that is expected to impact 23.3 million people by 2030, is the primary emphasis of this research. By blocking important enzymes and receptors like Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE), Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein (CETP), Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase (DGAT), and others, natural and semi-synthetic chalcones target important mechanisms in cardiovascular, hematological, and anti-obesity processes. Additionally, recent developments in the synthesis of chalcones with heterocycles (N, O, and S) are highlighted, highlighting their potential for use in pharmaceuticals in the future.