Spatial Analysis of Groundwater Dynamics and Quality Assessment in Naraini Tehsil: A GIS-Based Approach

Abstract: This study analyzes the groundwater dynamics and quality assessment of Naraini Tehsil using a GIS-based spatial approach. Seasonal variations in groundwater levels were examined across pre-monsoon, post-monsoon, and winter seasons to assess recharge and depletion patterns. GIS techniques, including interpolation methods (IDW/Kriging), were used to create thematic maps representing groundwater depth and pH distribution. The findings indicate that groundwater levels rise significantly post-monsoon due to rainfall recharge but gradually decline in the winter season due to water utilization. The spatial distribution of pH levels shows that most regions maintain a safe range (6.6–8.5), while some areas exhibit acidic groundwater (4.0–6.6), necessitating treatment interventions. The study highlights water-stressed regions with consistently deep groundwater levels and provides recommendations for sustainable groundwater management, including artificial recharge measures and conservation strategies. The research offers valuable insights for policymakers and resource planners to ensure efficient and sustainable groundwater utilization in Naraini Tehsil.