A Study on Fetomaternal Outcome in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Tertiary Care Hospital: At SMGS Jammu

Abstract Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is defined as carbohydrate intolerance of variable degree with onset or first recognition during pregnancy. Indian women have a high prevalence of diabetes and increased risk of GDM and associated complications. The prevalence of GDM has increased over the past several decades. Aim: The present study was undertaken to determine the maternal and fetal outcomes in GDM complicating pregnancy in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: A retrospective study conducted for a period of one year from January, 2023 to December, 2023 in the Department of obstetrics & gynaecology, SMGS Hospital, Jammu in which 400 antenatal patients were studied. 200 antenatal patients beyond 22 weeks of gestation with deranged DIPSI levels and 200 antenatal patients beyond 22weeks with normal DIPSI were studied and compared. Results: During the study period, 40% cases of GDM belonged to the age group >35years whereas 14% in the control group were >35years old. 55% of GDM cases were overweight and obese (BMI >25) whereas 35% in the control group were overweight and obese. 64% of GDM patients had family history of diabetes in Ist degree relative where 80% of patients in the control group had no family history. It is observed in this study, 57% of GDM cases underwent Cesarean delivery whereas in the control group, only 35% underwent caesarean. It was inferred that fetal complications like hypoglycemia (10%), RDS (15%), prematurity (35%), macrosomia (34%), still birth (16%), shoulder dystocia (11%) were more seen in GDM cases. Also, maternal complications like pre-eclampsia (21%), PPH (10%), polyhydramnios (13%), preterm labour (6%) and candiasis (21%) were more common in GDM complicating pregnancies. Conclusion: In this study, feto-maternal complications and morbidity was significantly higher in patients with GDM.