Implications of stress on the development of arterial hypertension: new approaches to therapy and prophylactics

Arterial hypertension (AH) remains one of the most common and socially significant pathologies of the cardiovascular system, being a key risk factor for the development of myocardial infarction, stroke, chronic heart failure and other complications. In recent years, the role of psychoemotional stress in the pathogenesis of AH has received increasing attention. Chronic stress caused by social, occupational or personal factors contributes to prolonged activation of the sympathetic nervous system, which leads to increased blood pressure, impaired regulation of vascular tone and endothelial dysfunction.The article details the mechanisms by which stress affects the cardiovascular system. Modern approaches to therapy and prevention of AH include not only traditional methods of drug treatment, but also innovative strategies aimed at reducing stress load. The article presents data on the effectiveness of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT), which helps patients to change negative thinking patterns and reduce anxiety. Relaxation techniques, mindfulness practices, yoga and meditation are also discussed, which help to reduce sympathetic activity and improve psycho-emotional well-being. The results emphasise the need for an individualised approach to the treatment of patients with AH, taking into account not only physiological but also psychological aspects of the disease. Complex therapy combining drug treatment, psychotherapy and lifestyle modification can significantly increase the effectiveness of blood pressure control and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications.