Recommendations to Heads of State and Government from the Ocean Science Congress (English executive summary)

Scientific research plays a pivotal role in supporting decision-makers to address global ocean challenges, including the impacts of and solutions to climate change, biodiversity loss, and environmental degradation. This involves delivering clear, evidence-based guidance that integrates Indigenous knowledge and diverse value systems. At this critical juncture for our planet, a close interaction between scientists and decision-makers to advocate for science-driven policies that promote long-term ocean sustainability, engage the public, foster inclusivity, and stimulate innovation through interdisciplinary research. Grounded in scientific insights, we provide 10 thematic recommendations aligned with the Ocean Action Panels to shape discussions at the 2025 United Nations Ocean Conference.