Prevalence and Determinants of Surgical Site Infections in Obstetric and Gynecological Surgeries

Background: Surgical site infections (SSIs) are a notable complication in obstetric and gynecological surgeries, affecting patient recovery and healthcare resource utilization. This study examines the prevalence and factors influencing SSIs in these surgical specialties, aiming to refine prevention strategies. Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of SSIs among patients undergoing obstetric and gynecological surgeries at Sudha Medical College and Hospital and to identify the contributing risk factors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sudha Medical College and Hospital, Kota, Rajasthan, India for one year. Data collection focused on patient demographics, surgery type, use of antimicrobial prophylaxis, surgery duration, and postoperative care. SSIs were identified based on the criteria set by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), using patient medical records. Statistical analysis was performed using chi-square tests for categorical variables and logistic regression to identify risk factors for SSIs. Results: Initial results indicate a 10% incidence rate of SSIs, predominantly associated with emergency surgeries and those extending beyond two hours. Notable risk factors included delayed administration of antibiotics and existing patient comorbidities such as diabetes. Conclusion: Surgical site infections in obstetric and gynecological surgeries are influenced by several modifiable factors. Implementing stricter surgical protocols and precise antimicrobial prophylaxis can significantly mitigate the risk of SSIs, thereby enhancing patient outcomes and surgical safety.