Risk management of cardiovascular diseases in the primary health care setting

Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) remain one of the leading causes of death and disability worldwide. In conditions of limited health care resources, prevention and management of CVD risk factors at the level of primary health care is of particular relevance. This article is devoted to the analysis of modern approaches to assessing and reducing the risks of cardiovascular diseases in primary health care. The paper discusses key aspects of CVD risk management, including the use of risk stratification algorithms such as SCORE, QRISK and others adapted for different populations. The importance of a comprehensive approach is emphasised, taking into account not only traditional risk factors (hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, smoking), but also social determinants of health, such as income level, education and access to medical care. Particular attention is paid to the role of the interdisciplinary team in organising prevention work, including general practitioners, nurses, nutritionists and psychologists. The authors emphasise the need to introduce digital technologies to monitor patients, increase their awareness and participation in the management of their health. The article also considers the effectiveness of different secondary prevention strategies, such as medication (statins, antihypertensive drugs) and non-medication methods (lifestyle changes, physical activity, smoking cessation). Emphasis is placed on the importance of a personalised approach that takes into account the individual characteristics of the patient. It is emphasised that successful CVD risk management at the primary health care level requires a systematic approach, including coordination of actions between health care professionals, patients and public organisations, which contributes to the reduction of morbidity and mortality from CVD, improvement of the quality of life of the population and optimisation of the use of health care resources.