The Prevalence, Causes and Treatment of Bronchopneumonia Among Children Under Five Years in Central Hospital, Benin City

In low-resource environments where malnourishment, inadequate cleanliness, and restricted access to high-quality healthcare are prevalent, bronchopneumonia continues to rank among the top causes of illness and mortality among children under five. Nigeria continues to have a significant bronchopneumonia burden in spite of numerous public health initiatives. With the goal of identifying important contributing factors and assessing management practices to guide improved nursing interventions, this study evaluated the prevalence, etiology, and treatment approaches of bronchopneumonia among children under five at Central Hospital in Benin City. The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design. 60 caregivers of children under five years old were given standardized questionnaires to complete in order to gather data. The questionnaire captured demographic information, experience with bronchopneumonia, perceived causes, and treatment approaches. Data were analyzed using tables and figures to present frequencies and percentages, and findings were interpreted to address the research questions. Results showed a high prevalence of bronchopneumonia, as a majority of caregivers reported that their child had previously suffered from the illness, with seasonal increases noted during the cold and rainy periods. Identified causes included poor hygiene, malnutrition, exposure to smoke from firewood and cigarettes, lack of exclusive breastfeeding, overcrowded housing conditions, and inadequate immunization. The majority of caregivers acknowledged the efficacy of antibiotics and indicated that they had taken their kids to the hospital when symptoms started. But a sizable portion also mentioned using home cures and delaying getting medical attention. Proper nutrition, hydration, and complete immunization were regarded as critical to recovery and prevention. The study concludes that bronchopneumonia remains prevalent due to modifiable environmental and behavioral factors. It suggests community-based nursing treatments, better access to healthcare services, and health education for caregivers. To lessen the burden of disease in children, nurses should actively participate in prevention, early detection, and thorough management.