Tech-Driven Transformation in Teacher Education: Issues, Innovations, and Implications

Technology is transforming teacher education in India, making training more accessible and effective. Digital tools like Learning Management Systems (LMS), Artificial Intelligence (AI), Open Educational Resources (OER), and Virtual Reality (VR) are helping teachers learn better and teach smarter. The National Education Policy (NEP) 2020 promotes digital literacy and the use of technology in teacher training, bringing India in line with global education trends. However, many challenges remain, such as the digital divide, lack of infrastructure, teacher resistance, cybersecurity risks, and limited training opportunities, especially in rural areas. To overcome these, there is a need for better ICT facilities, skill development programs, and strong policy support. Despite these challenges, technology offers great opportunities. AI-based personalized learning, interactive tools, blended learning, and global collaborations are making teacher education more engaging. Future trends like AI-powered teaching assistants, data-driven learning insights, and immersive virtual classrooms will further improve teacher training. This paper explores how technology is shaping teacher education in India, highlighting the challenges, opportunities, and future possibilities for a smooth digital transition.