Modeling Depression in Preclinical Research: A Comprehensive Review of Induction Models

Abstract: Depression is a complex mental health disorder include sadness, loss of interest in regular activities and othercognitive, emotional and physical symptoms. It is a leading global health concern, affecting all age groups andcontributing significantly to disability, suicide rates and economic burden.It affects mood, thinking and behaviour oftenleading to fatigue, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite and difficulty in concentration. Depression is a comorbidityassociated with polycystic ovary syndrome, chrohn’s , diabetes, pregnancy and stress. There are various mechanismswhich causes depression. The most common mechanism is imbalance in neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine.This review include stress, menopause, prenatal hypertension, maternal separation, surgically induced, stress, learnedhelplessness models of depression. Larger number of population is unaware about different causes of depression. Sothis review will be helpful in terms of awaring researchers about various induction models of depression. Therefore,induction of depression and its mechanisms needs to be understand thoroughly. Pathology of depression can be studyusing different animal models. Hence in this review, various mechanisms which are involved in the pathogenesis ofdepression are included and various experimental depression models used in preclinical studies have been demonstrated.This will be helpful for the researcher for evaluation of new drug entity and drug repurposing.