Interpretative Theory and Practice of St. Thomas Aquinas

Abstract: Interpretative Theory and Practice of St. Thomas AquinasThis paper examines the interpretative theory and exegetical practice of St. Thomas Aquinas, focusing on his approach to Scripture within the broader framework of medieval scholasticism. Aquinas’ hermeneutical method is deeply rooted in the fourfold sense of Scripture—literal, allegorical, moral, and anagogical—demonstrating a synthesis of Aristotelian logic and patristic tradition. By analyzing key texts such as the Summa Theologiae and his Commentaries on the Gospels, this study explores how Aquinas integrates reason and faith to uncover theological truths. His emphasis on the primacy of the literal sense, while harmonizing it with spiritual interpretations, showcases his commitment to a holistic reading of Scripture. Furthermore, this paper highlights Aquinas’ influence on later biblical interpretation, particularly in Catholic theology and systematic exegesis. Through a critical engagement with his methods, this study affirms the enduring relevance of Aquinas’ interpretative framework for contemporary theological discourse. Additionally, this paper considers Aquinas’ use of Aristotelian epistemology in shaping his exegetical principles, particularly his approach to divine revelation and human reason. By situating his interpretative methods within the intellectual currents of the 13th century, this study underscores his role in bridging classical philosophy with Christian theology.