Internet of Things: A Comprehensive Overview on Protocols, Architectures, Technologies, Simulation Tools and Future Directions

This project explores the integration of various sensors, including MQ135, DHT11, raindrop, LDR, and pressure sensors (BMP180), with Raspberry Pi 4 for environmental monitoring. The collected data is transmitted to Thing Speak, an IoT platform, via two different communication protocols: TCP and UDP. On one Raspberry Pi, the data from MQ135 and DHT11 sensors is uploaded to ThingSpeak using TCP, where the transmission occurs slowly due to the connection-oriented nature of TCP. On the other Raspberry Pi, data from MQ135, DHT11, raindrop, and LDR sensors is transmitted using UDP, showcasing its faster data transmission speed due to its connectionless, lightweight nature. This project highlights the difference between the two protocols, emphasizing TCP's reliability but slower speeds versus UDP's speed but reduced reliability. The goal is to demonstrate how these protocols can be effectively used in IoT applications, comparing their performance in real-time data uploading.