Study of Cutaneous Lesions in New Born Babies Born at Maternity and Child Hospital, Government General Hospital, Nellore

Background: Neonatal dermatoses are the spectrum of cutaneous lesions that arise during the first four weeks of life. The severity of these conditions ranges from physiological transient phases to significant pathogenic entities. Any of these might cause tremendous anxiety for parents, highlighting the significance of a pediatricians being aware of them. Aim of the study is goal was to assess the prevalence of Cutaneous Lesions in Newborn Babies. Methodology: This was a Hospital-based observational cross-sectional study done in 1000 neonates born in Maternity and Child Hospital, Government General Hospital, Nellore who could be examined within the first of week of life irrespective of gestational age, sex and mode of delivery. Complete dermatological examination including scalp, hair, nails, palms and soles, genitalia and mucosa of neonates was done to record neonatal dermatoses. Dermatoses were considered as primary outcome variable. Neonatal and Maternal factors was considered as Primary explanatory variable. P value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The prevalence of neonatal dermatoses in our study population was 89.9%. 70.90% had Sebaceous gland hyperplasia, 57.40% had Mongolian spot, 47.80% had Epstein Pearl, 31.00% had Physiological desquamation, 22.90% had Milia, 21.5% had Erythema toxicum Neonatorum, 15.60% had Salmon patch, and lanugo hair was seen in 9.10%. Male babies (93.94%), Low birth weight neonates (94.85%) had higher dermatoses, Mongolian spot and Sacral dimple in preterm babies, Physiological desquamation in term and post term, Milia in term babies, Café au laitspots in post-term babies with significant P- value. Epstein pearl was common in babies to multipara women and milia was common in babies born to primipara women. Sebaceous hyperplasia, Mongolian spot, Physiological desquamation, Milia, Miliaria and Transient Neonatal Pustular Melanosis were commonly seen in babies born through caesarean section. Epstein pearl and sacral dimple were commonly seen in baby born through vaginal delivery. Congenital Melanocytic Nevus was found to be significant in babies born to consanguineous parents. 62.80% of the study population had a combination of fewer than four dermatoses, and 37.20% had a combination of equal or more than four types of dermatoses. Conclusion: Dermatoses was associated with neonatal factors such as birth weight, gestational age, gender and mode of delivery and maternal factors such as consanguinity, parity, mother’s age.