Design and Performance Optimization of Low-Cost Methane Digesters

The global demand for renewable energy sources has highlighted the importance of anaerobic digestion as a viable solution for converting organic waste into biogas, primarily composed of methane (CH₄). This research focuses on the design, development, and performance analysis of a cost-effective methane digester suitable for rural and semi-urban applications. The study evaluates various geometric configurations, feedstock compositions, temperature control methods, and retention time to optimize methane yield and system efficiency. A prototype fixed-dome and floating-drum digester was constructed using locally available materials and tested under controlled conditions. Results showed that a well-insulated fixed-dome model with cow dung and kitchen waste as feedstock produced a consistent methane yield of over 60% volume, with minimal operational costs. This research provides insights into improving digester efficiency, reducing construction costs, and promoting adoption in decentralized energy systems. The findings can benefit policy makers, engineers, and rural communities aiming for energy self-sufficiency through biogas technology.