Formulation and Evaluation of Custard Apple Seed Oil

The seeds of Annona squamosa, commonly known as custard apple, have garnered attention in recent years due to their potential nutritional, medicinal, and phytochemical properties. Despite the fruit's widespread consumption, the seeds, which are often discarded, contain a variety of bioactive compounds such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, and essential fatty acids. Research has suggested that custard apple seeds exhibit anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities, making them a promising candidate for various therapeutic applications. Additionally, their rich nutritional content, including proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates, positions them as a potential alternative food source in regions suffering from food insecurity. However, the seeds also contain certain toxic compounds, such as annonacin, which pose health risks if consumed in excess. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of the chemical composition, health benefits, toxicological risks, and potential uses of custard apple seeds, offering insight into the need for further research to harness their full potential while mitigating associated risks. The review concludes with a discussion on future research directions and the importance of developing safe and sustainable methods for utilizing custard apple seeds in food and medicine.