Toxicity of herbicide sweep power (Glufosinate Ammonium) on Acid and alkaline phosphatase activity in different tissues of freshwater fish Labeo rohita

Glufosinate-ammonium is a highly powerful herbicide that is applied to over 100 cropsin numerous countries across the globe to control weeds (Takano and Dayan 2020). Becauseglufosinate-ammonium exclusively affects the areas of the plant where it is sprayed, farmersrely on it to assure a high degree of crop safety (Donthi and Kumar 2022). It works well againsta variety of weeds, thus using multiple herbicides to manage different weeds on a particularcrop is no longer necessary (Petersen and Hurle 2001). Incorporating its distinct mode of actioninto an Integrated Weed Management (IWM) program can enhance crop health, agriculturalproductivity, and global food security by mitigating weed resistance (Peerzada et al., 2019).Unrestricted and extensive use of synthetic herbicides has negative impacts on aquaticenvironments, including taste, odor, and water quality (Bukola et al., 2015). It can also havefatal consequences on a variety of non-target animals and have direct or indirect effects onusers. The concentration of herbicides residues accumulated by fish in aquatic environments isseveral times higher than that of the surrounding water (Tulcan et al., 2021).