Recent Advances in Estrous Synchronisation in Small Ruminants

Sheep and goats are seasonally polyestrous, meaning they naturally experience estrous and ovulation during short daylight periods (the breeding season) and not during long daylight periods (out of season). Since their gestation period lasts five months, ewes and does typically produce only one set of offspring per year without intervention, which limits their productivity and profitability. However, it is possible to increase the number of offspring to three sets every two years or five sets every three years if the females can be made to conceive outside of their normal breeding season. This would also provide a year-round supply of lamb, kid meat, and milk. To induce estrus and ovulation outside of the breeding season, breeders can use estrus synchronization. However, it is essential to note that both ovulation and pregnancy rates tend to decline outside the normal breeding season.