Agricultural Policies and Economic Dynamics in Jammu and Kashmir during the Dogra –Era

Abstract From ancient times to 1947, the rulers of Kashmir included Hindus, Muslims, Afghans, Sikhs, and Dogras. Once Gulab Singh took power under Dogra rule, the region’s economy suffered, administration was ineffective, and it was often exploited. The peasant economy suffered because the Dogra rulers accused all land, awarded jagirs (land grants) to their representatives, and kept most peasants marginalized. Because of high taxes, compulsory labor (begars), and corruption, the rural population suffered from unending poverty. Because of unfair policies, artisans faced difficulties, and production from small farms did not improve thanks to traditional methods and little funding for the sector. This study examines the factors in the agricultural sector of Kashmir that contributed to its slow economic growth and persistent poverty in villages. By studying land ownership, taxes, and administration during the Dogra period, this study points out that feudalism and official neglect caused economic backwardness. It examines the socio-economic difficulties Kashmir’s peasantry experienced because of these policies, showing that excessive colonial rule and poor infrastructure were obstacles to their long-term growth. The report points out that the relations between political systems, economic strategies, and poverty in rural areas help us understand the background of the Kashmir agrarian problem. Examining these events allows us to better understand the causes of the region’s current development challenges.