UNIVERSAL FEATURES OF LANGUAGE AND CROSS-LINGUISTIC COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS

Language, as a uniquely human system of communication, encompasses universal features that underlie its structure and usage across diverse linguistic contexts. This article explores the universal properties of language and undertakes a comparative analysis of different language types to reveal both shared and distinctive characteristics. The research investigates phonological, morphological, syntactic, and semantic elements, focusing on typological commonalities and variances between analytic, agglutinative, and inflectional languages. Through qualitative and quantitative methodologies, it illustrates how language universals provide a framework for understanding linguistic diversity while fostering intercultural communication. The findings suggest that despite significant surface differences, all natural languages share a set of core principles that facilitate comprehension, expression, and meaning-making, thereby reinforcing the cognitive and social foundations of language.