Child Marriage and Human Rights Violations: Legal Responses

Abstract:- Child marriage remains a pressing global issue that infringes upon fundamental human rights, particularly in developing nations. It perpetuates a cycle of poverty, denies children their right to education, compromises health, and increases vulnerability to domestic violence and exploitation. This study examines the legal frameworks and responses aimed at combating child marriage, with a focus on the interplay between international human rights instruments and national laws. The analysis explores key legal provisions, including the Convention on the Rights of the Child (CRC), the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), and the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), alongside domestic legislations such as the Prohibition of Child Marriage Act, 2006 (India). It also evaluates the role of judicial interventions, social reforms, and public interest litigations in addressing the issue. Despite progressive legal measures, enforcement challenges, cultural norms, and lack of awareness hinder effective implementation. The study advocates for a holistic approach involving stricter enforcement of laws, community engagement, education initiatives, and global cooperation to eradicate child marriage and uphold the rights and dignity of every child. This paper examines the legal responses to child marriage from both international and Indian perspectives, evaluating the effectiveness of current laws and identifying gaps. It emphasizes the need for a rights-based, holistic approach involving government institutions, civil society, and the judiciary to protect children from this harmful practice and ensure the realization of their fundamental rights.